Address any questions or comments regarding this newsletter to the individual authors listed after each article or to its editors, Nathan Johanning, 618-939-3434, njohann@illinois.edu or Bronwyn Aly 618-695-6060, baly@illinois.edu. The Illinois Fruit and Vegetable News is available on the web at: http://ipm.illinois.edu/ifvn/. To receive or be removed from email notification of new postings of this newsletter, contact Nathan Johanning or Bronwyn Aly at the phone numbers or email addresses above.
In This Issue:
Upcoming Programs (listings for beginning and established growers)
Regional Reports (north central, east central, southern Illinois)
News and Updates (NCRS EQIP application deadlines)
Fruit Production and Pest Management (Brown Rot in Apples, Fungicide Cost Comparisons in Apples & Peaches)
Upcoming Programs
Check the Illinois SARE calendar for a full list of programs and links for registration.
http://illinoissare.org/ and http://illinoissare.org/calendar.php
Also see the University of Illinois Extension Local Food Systems and Small Farms Team's website at:
http://web.extension.illinois.edu/smallfarm/ and the calendar of events at http://web.extension.illinois.edu/units/calendar.cfm?UnitID=629.
- Meet the Farmers, Meet the Buyer. Monday, October 10, 2016 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Doors open at 9:30 AM). St. Louis University campus in the II Monastero Building, 3050 Olive Street, St. Louis, Missouri This event is an opportunity for farmers to meet with buyers and learn what it takes to do business with the grocery and foodservice industries. To register visit http://www.ilfb.org/ifb-news-and-events/conferences-events/october-10,-2016-meet-the-buyer-event.aspx. For more information contact Cynthia Haskins, 309-557-2155; CHaskins@ilfb.org.
- Organic Soil-borne Disease Management Webinar. October 13, 2016 from Noon – 1pm. Contact Laurie George (ljgeorge@illinois.edu) or James Theuri (jtheu50@illinois.edu). Preregistration required: https://web.extension.illinois.edu/registration/?RegistrationID=14944
- Growing Your Market with Grants—Find the Correct Fit Grant Writing Basics Free Webinar. Tuesday, October 25, 2016 at 6:30 pm. Are you a farm market manager looking for local, state, federal, and foundation grant programs to expand your market and available programs? If so, attend this 90 minute webinar to learn the basics and hear experiences from other market managers. Led by Deborah Cavanaugh-Grant, New Leaf Consulting, in partnership with University of Illinois Extension. To register visit https://web.extension.illinois.edu/registration/?RegistrationID=15194&mc_cid=f886b1f764&mc_eid=38c2d7c744
- Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable, and Farm Market Expo, December 6-8, 2016. On-line registration is now open. For more information, contact Maureen Kelley, EXPO Registration Manager,Association Management Resources (AMR) 1390 Eisenhower, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 call 734-239-8027 or email mkelley@glexpo.com The North American Berry Conference of the North American Strawberry Growers Association and North American Raspberry & Blackberry Association is being held in conjunction with the Great Lakes EXPO as one of the pre-conference events. Workshops and educational sessions for strawberry and caneberry growers, along with the NASGA and NARBA annual meetings will be held on Monday, Dec. 5 in advance of the Great Lakes EXPO. Additional berry sessions are available as part of the EXPO on Tuesday, Dec. 6. NABC schedule can be found at http://www.glexpo.com/about-the-expo/pre-conference-events#berry
- Illinois Specialty Crops, Agritourism, and Organics Conference, January 11-13, 2017. Crown Plaza, Springfield, IL. For more information, Illinois Specialty Growers Association, 1701 Towanda Ave., Bloomington, IL 61701. Phone 309/557-2107 FAX 309/557-3729 E-mail Cblary@ilfb.org.
- Ohio State University 2016 Direct Marketing Webinar Series. Noon (Eastern time). Take this opportunity to learn more about marketing issues. Recordings of all webinars can be found at www.go.osu.edu/DirectMarketingWebinars. Links below are for recording for previous webinars and connection links for future sessions.
- Feb. 18 Marketing Trends Learned from the Super Bowl -- Eric Barrett & Rob Leeds
- Mar. 2 Using All Your Senses in Branding Your Business -- Eric Barrett & Rob Leeds
- Apr. 21 Enhancing Your Web Presence -- Melissa Carter
- May 26 Product Recall & Traceability -- Eric Pawlowski
- June 16 Product Labeling -- Emily Adams
- July 21 Celebrate Ohio Local Foods Week -- Heather Neikirk & Patricia Barker
- Aug. 18 Produce Auctions http://carmenconnect.osu.edu/auctionsforproduce/ -- Brad Bergefurd
- Sept. 15 Pricing Your Products http://carmenconnect.osu.edu/pricingproducts/ -- Megan Leffew
- Oct. 20 Cooperatively Marketing Your Products http://carmenconnect.osu.edu/marketingyourproducts/ -- Hannah Scott
- Nov. 17 Using Facebook for Your Business http://carmenconnect.osu.edu/facebookforyourbusiness/ -- Duane Rigsby
- Dec. 15 Survey Results for Ohio Produce Marketers http://carmenconnect.osu.edu/surveyresultsformarketers/ -- Direct Marketing Team
Regional Reports
From north-central Illinois...Higher temperatures finally gave way to more seasonable weather. I am looking forward to some much-needed rain. Though, I'm sure those harvesting corn and beans could stand for the rain to hold off a bit longer. During the month of September, we had one rain event that dropped a little over an inch of precipitation. There have been a few more drizzles here and there amounting to only one-tenth of an inch or less in some locations.
Fall is prime time for soil testing. One test per every three acres is adequate. Derive your sample from at least four subsamples taken to seven inches deep. The University of Illinois Extension has assembled a list of soil testing labs across the state. You can find this list HERE.
With fall and our transition out of summer crops, typically comes applications of manure. Soil amendments should be based on soil tests. (Hence my preceding paragraph) Additionally, great care must be taken when applying manure, especially when there are crops actively growing nearby.
Extension horticulture educator, Dr. Elizabeth Wahle, commented that the safety of raw manure is a consideration for growers and gardeners. Dr. Wahle summarizes fresh manure Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) which follows the National Organic Program.
When using fresh manure:
- Wait 120 days to the time of harvest of high-risk crops if those crops are not always cooked (these are usually crops whose harvestable portion is low to the ground and likely to be rain splashed with potentially contaminated soil)
- Wait at least 90 days for other crops (This includes spreading fresh manure under crops like fruit and nut trees)
- If you apply manure within 60 days of harvest, use only aged (at least one year) or hot-composted manure (Hot compost: temperature must reach 130 to 140 degrees F for at least two five-day heating cycles)
- Never apply after the garden is planted
- Do not use cat, dog or pig manure in gardens or compost piles
- At risk people (foodborne diseases) should avoid eating uncooked vegetables from manured gardens.
Chris Enroth (309-837-3939; cenroth@illinois.edu)
From eastern-central Illinois... The picture to the right shows the final neighb orhood farm stand of the 2016 season for the urban farm, Mercy Gardens. It highlights the fact most of our area produce farmers are near the end of their season. Our warm, wet month of August generated a number of questions about leaf diseases and fungicide control. To address these issues a few farmers have said that they going to be reviewing their spray programs, crop rotation sequences and their criteria for selecting vegetable varieties. All this in an effort to better their on-farm disease management program.
Doug Gucker (217-877-6042; dgucker@illinois.edu)
From southern Illinois ... This week has been fairly warm in southern Illinois for this time of year with temperatures in the low to mid 80s and even the upper 80s predicted for Thursday. We did cool off over this past weekend with highs in the low 70s and a couple of nights some areas reported upper 40s for lows. Some received some rain over the weekend especially to the south of the region but totals were variable. At the farm in Monroe County it didn't even rain enough to get wet under the trees, but the clouds and rain/mist came and went especially on Friday and Saturday. Overall, since late last week we have struggled to have a fully "sunny" day as many days have been partly cloudy at best some with only glimpses of full sunshine. A front is supposed to come through the end of this week and drop our highs back to around 70 just in time for the weekend and hopefully lots of sunshine as this is a very busy weekend for many fall agritourism destinations!
Pumpkin harvest is in full swing! Everyone wants to have a good showing of fall goods with not only pumpkins but also ornamental corn, mums and of course apples. U-pick operations are really getting busy now that the month of October is here. We still have some fall vegetables coming in including many winter squash, green beans, peppers, and some cole crops. Many growers are about done with field tomatoes with many diseases from all of the rain and only some late plantings are still providing much useful yield. In the apple orchard, growers are still harvesting some reds and Jonagold, and just starting some Ambrosia.
Don't forget about planting some fall cover crops! Crimson Clover and annual ryegrass need to be planted as soon as possible, but we still have some time for cereal rye. Yesterday, at home my father broadcasted some crimson clover over across the pumpkins field. The ground was relatively dry and hopefully some rain later this week will get it up and growing. I'll keep you posted on how that works out!
Nathan Johanning (618-939-3434; njohann@illinois.edu)
News and Updates
NRCS Announces EQIP Application Deadlines in Illinois
Champaign, IL -- September 29, 2016 -- Illinois agricultural producers and forestry managers who want to address natural resources and increase environmental benefits are encouraged to sign up for the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) through the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).
Ivan Dozier, Illinois NRCS State Conservationist, announced that November 18, 2016 and January 20, 2017 will be the two EQIP application deadlines in Illinois. "Producers can sign up for EQIP at any time throughout the year, but to compete for the upcoming funding periods, I encourage producers with resource concerns to submit an application by one of the application deadlines," Dozier explains.
Many applicants have shown interest in the funding pool to address soil erosion and water quality issues on cropland. However, there are also funding pools for addressing issues on grazing land operations, confined livestock operations, and for organic producers and wildlife habitat improvements, just to name a few. In addition to conservation practices, EQIP provides funding for the development of plans, such as Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plans (CNMPs), Grazing Plans, Drainage Water Management Plans, and more.
Producers interested in EQIP should submit a signed application (NRCS-CPA-1200 form) to the local NRCS field office or submit it electronically through the Conservation Client Gateway (www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/cgate/). Applications submitted by November 18, 2016 or January 20, 2017 will be evaluated by NRCS staff for the funding period submitted.
Applicants must meet program eligibility requirements in order to participate in EQIP. NRCS field office staff will work with applicants to determine eligibility and answer ranking questions. If an application is ranked high enough to be funded, the applicant will work with the local NRCS field office staff to develop a contract.
EQIP is a voluntary conservation program available for agricultural producers and forestry managers. Through EQIP, NRCS will provide financial and technical assistance to install conservation practices that reduce soil erosion and sedimentation, improve water and air quality, and create wildlife habitat. For more information on EQIP, contact the local NRCS field office or visit www.il.nrcs.usda.gov.
Fruit Production and Pest Management
Brown Rot of Fruit: A New Disease of Apple in the Midwest
Leaf blight and brown rot of fruit, caused by the fungi Monilinia spp., are common diseases of apples and pears in Asia and Europe, but not in North America. Brown rot of fruit, however, was observed in Indiana in 2015 and 2016, with up to more than 50% crop losses. Affected apple varieties were Pristine, Gala, and Lodi.
Losses in apple caused by brown rot can take place preharvest in the orchard and postharvest during cold storage. In the orchard, superficial, circular brown spots, which are frequently associated with wounds, expand outward on the surface of the fruit and result in a firm decay of the flesh. Buff gray-colored pustules, usually arranged in concentric rings, develop on the surface of the lesions. The disease appears more often on mature than on immature fruit. Once the whole fruit is infected, moisture is lost and a shriveled, wrinkled mummy is formed. Mummified fruit remain attached to the branches until spring or they fall to the ground and overwinter among the leaf litter. The disease also develops on fruit in cold storage, where symptoms can vary depending on the storage conditions.
The brown rot fungi overwinter in infected peduncles and in cankers on infected twigs. The pathogens also overwinter on mummified or partially mummified fruit on the tree or on the orchard floor. During late spring or early summer under suitable moisture conditions, fruiting bodies of the pathogen (sporodochia) form on the surface of mummified fruit or cankers and conidia are spread by wind and rain to infect young fruit.
Brown rot of apple and pear is managed by sanitation. Effective fungicides for managing brown rot of apple and pear are mentioned to be strobilurins (e.g., Sovran), anilinopyrimidines (e.g., Vangard), and triazoles (e.g., Rally). Efficacy of fungicides for management of brown rot of apple and pear in the Midwestern states should be investigated. Brown rot of apple or pear has not been observed or reported in Illinois yet.
Mohammad Babadoost (217-333-1523; babadoos@illinois.edu)
2016 Fungicide Costs for Stone and Pome Fruits
With many areas receiving lots of rain the cost of our fungicide applications often comes to mind. We wanted to share with you the tables below from the University of Kentucky Extension Fruit Facts Newsletter that give some great cost comparisons of fungicides in peaches and apples as you are looking back on this year and forward to the next.
Peach & Stone Fruit |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fungicide |
FRAC |
Average price per |
Rate stone low |
Rate stone high |
Price per application stone low |
Price per application stone high |
Bactericides |
||||||
Champ 2 (copper hydroxide) |
M |
5.00 /pt |
5.3 |
10.5 |
26.65 |
52.50 |
C-O-C-S (copper oxychloride sulfate) |
M |
4.95 /lb |
12.0 |
15.6 |
36.60 |
76.73 |
Kocide 3000 (copper hydroxide) |
M |
9.15 /lb |
3.5 |
7.0 |
32.03 |
64.05 |
Mycoshield (oxytetracycline) |
41 |
30.00 /lb |
1.0 |
30.0 |
|
|
Fungicides |
||||||
Abound |
11 |
1.63 /lb |
12.0 |
15.5 |
19.55 |
25.25 |
Bravo Weather Stik |
M |
6.47 /pt |
3.1 |
4.1 |
20.06 |
26.68 |
Captan 50 WP |
M |
5.13 /lb |
4.0 |
8.0 |
20.50 |
41.01 |
Captan 80 WDG |
M |
6.17 /lb |
2.5 |
5.0 |
15.44 |
30.87 |
Captevate 68 WDG |
M+17 |
12.62 /lb |
3.8 |
|
47.32 |
|
Elevate 50 WDG |
17 |
41.75 /lb |
1.0 |
1.5 |
41.75 |
62.63 |
Fontelis |
7 |
1.79 /oz |
14.0 |
20.0 |
25.11 |
35.88 |
Gem |
11 |
8.45 /oz |
1.9 |
3.8 |
16.06 |
32.12 |
Indar |
3 |
2.40 /oz |
6.0 |
|
14.39 |
|
Inspire Super |
3+9 |
1.63 /oz |
16.0 |
20.0 |
26.00 |
32.50 |
Luna Sensation |
7+11 |
7.65 /oz |
5.0 |
5.6 |
38.25 |
42.84 |
Merivon |
7+11 |
6.71 /lb |
4.0 |
6.7 |
26.84 |
44.95 |
Pristine |
7+11 |
3.58 /oz |
10.5 |
14.5 |
37.63 |
51.96 |
Procure 480 SC |
3 |
4.11 /oz |
12.0 |
16.0 |
49.31 |
65.75 |
Quadris Top |
3+11 |
1.93 /oz |
12.0 |
14.0 |
23.21 |
27.08 |
Quilt Xcel |
3+11 |
1.16 /oz |
14.0 |
|
16.23 |
|
Rally 40 WSP |
3 |
3.33 /oz |
2.5 |
6.0 |
8.31 |
19.95 |
Scala |
9 |
2.88 /oz |
9.0 |
18.0 |
25.95 |
51.89 |
Syllit |
U |
7.90 /pt |
1.5 |
3.0 |
11.85 |
23.70 |
Sulfur, yellow jacket |
M |
0.72 /lb |
30.0 |
65.0 |
21.50 |
46.58 |
Topguard70WP (specialty crops) |
3 |
1.68 /oz |
14.0 |
|
23.54 |
|
Topsin M WSB |
1 |
10.50 /lb |
1.0 |
1.5 |
10.50 |
15.75 |
Vanguard WG |
9 |
3.77 /oz |
5.0 |
10.0 |
18.85 |
37.70 |
Ziram 76DF |
M |
5.20 /lb |
4.5 |
8.0 |
23.40 |
41.60 |
Water Mold Products |
||||||
Aliette |
33 |
14.25 /lb |
3.0 |
5.0 |
42.75 |
71.25 |
Phostrol |
33 |
3.10 /pt |
4.5 |
|
13.95 |
|
Ridomil Gold SL |
4 |
6.17 /pt |
4.0 |
|
448.29 |
|
**Product rates are for cost example purposes, only. Refer to label for approved crop, rate, and time of application |
||||||
Apple & Pear |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fungicide |
FRAC |
Average price per |
Rate pome low |
Rate pome high |
Price per application pome low |
Price per application pome high |
Bactericides |
||||||
Agri-Mycin 17 (streptomycin) |
25 |
27.03 /lb |
1.5 |
3.0 |
23.32 |
34.97 |
Apogee (growth regulator) |
|
4.44 /oz |
18.0 |
36.0 |
79.88 |
159.75 |
Champ 2 (copper hydroxide) |
M |
5.00 /pt |
5.3 |
10.5 |
26.65 |
52.50 |
C-O-C-S (copper oxychloride sulfate) |
M |
4.95 /lb |
8.0 |
15.5 |
36.60 |
76.73 |
Copper Sulfate (bluestone) |
M |
2.50 /lb |
5.0 |
|
12.50 |
|
Harbour (streptomycin) |
25 |
14.75 /lb |
1.5 |
|
22.13 |
|
Kocide 3000 (copper hydroxide) |
M |
9.15 /lb |
3.5 |
7.0 |
32.03 |
64.05 |
Mycoshield (oxytetracycline) |
41 |
30.00 /lb |
1.0 |
30.0 |
|
|
Fungicides |
||||||
Captan 50 WP |
M |
5.13 /lb |
4.0 |
8.0 |
20.50 |
41.01 |
Captan 80 WDG |
M |
6.17 /lb |
2.5 |
5.0 |
15.44 |
30.87 |
Dithane 45 (F-45) Rainshield |
M |
8.95 /qt |
2.4 |
4.8 |
21.48 |
42.96 |
Eagle 20EW |
3 |
1.48 /oz |
4.0 |
6.0 |
5.94 |
8.91 |
Flint |
11 |
12.15 /oz |
2.0 |
2.5 |
24.30 |
30.38 |
Fontelis |
7 |
1.79 /oz |
14.0 |
20.0 |
25.11 |
35.88 |
Indar |
3 |
2.40 /oz |
6.0 |
8.0 |
14.39 |
19.19 |
Inspire Super |
3+9 |
1.63 /oz |
12.0 |
|
19.50 |
|
Luna Sensation |
7+11 |
7.65 /oz |
4.0 |
5.8 |
30.60 |
44.37 |
Luna Tranquility |
7+9 |
3.19 /oz |
11.2 |
16.0 |
35.73 |
51.04 |
Manzate Pro-Stick (mancozeb/penncozeb 75) |
|
4.71 /lb |
3.0 |
6.0 |
14.12 |
28.24 |
Merivon |
7+11 |
6.71 /lb |
4.0 |
5.5 |
26.84 |
36.90 |
Microthiol Disperss (sulfur) |
M |
1.67 /lb |
10.0 |
20.0 |
16.67 |
33.33 |
Omega 500F |
29 |
3.48 /oz |
10.0 |
13.8 |
34.84 |
48.08 |
Polyram |
M |
4.93 /lb |
6.0 |
|
29.60 |
|
Pristine |
7+11 |
3.58 /oz |
14.5 |
18.5 |
51.96 |
66.29 |
Procure 480 SC |
3 |
4.11 /oz |
8.0 |
16.0 |
32.88 |
65.75 |
Rally 40 WSP |
3 |
3.33 /oz |
5.0 |
8.0 |
16.63 |
26.60 |
Scala |
9 |
2.88 /oz |
7.0 |
10.0 |
20.18 |
28.83 |
Serenade Optimum |
-- |
1.85 /oz |
14.0 |
20.0 |
25.96 |
37.08 |
Sovran |
11 |
4.50 /oz |
4.0 |
6.4 |
18.00 |
28.80 |
Syllit |
U |
7.90 /pt |
1.5 |
3.0 |
11.85 |
23.70 |
Topguard |
3 |
1.68 /oz |
8.0 |
13.0 |
13.45 |
21.86 |
Topsin M WSB |
1 |
10.50 /lb |
1.0 |
1.5 |
10.50 |
15.75 |
Vanguard WG |
9 |
3.77 /oz |
3.0 |
5.0 |
11.31 |
18.85 |
Ziram |
M |
5.20 /lb |
6.0 |
|
31.20 |
|
Water Mold Products |
||||||
Agrifos |
33 |
7.75 /qt |
1.3 |
2.5 |
9.68 |
19.36 |
Aliette |
33 |
14.25 /lb |
2.0 |
5.0 |
28.50 |
71.25 |
Phostrol |
33 |
3.10 /pt |
2.5 |
5.0 |
7.75 |
15.50 |
Ridomil Gold SL |
4 |
6.17 /pt |
2.5 |
5.0 |
15.44 |
30.87 |
**Product rates are for cost example purposes, only. Refer to label for approved crop, rate, and time of application |
||||||
Nicole Gauthier, UK Extension Plant Pathologist (859-218-0720; nicole.ward@uky.edu) and Kimberly Leonberger, UK Plant Pathologist Extension Associate (kimberly.leonberger@uky.edu)
Less Seriously ...
University of Illinois Extension Specialists in Fruit and Vegetable Production & Pest Management
Extension Educators – Local Food Systems and Small Farms |
||
Bronwyn Aly, Gallatin, Hamilton, Hardin, Pope, Saline, and White counties |
618-382-2662 |
|
Katie Bell, Franklin, Jackson, Perry, Randolph, & Williamson counties |
618-687-1727 |
|
Sarah Farley, Lake & McHenry counties |
847-223-8627 |
|
Nick Frillman, Woodford, Livingston, & McLean counties |
309-663-8306 |
|
Laurie George, Bond, Clinton, Jefferson, Marion, & Washington counties |
618-548-1446 |
|
Zachary Grant, Cook County | 708-679-6889 | |
Doug Gucker, DeWitt, Macon, and Piatt counties |
217-877-6042 |
|
Erin Harper, Champaign, Ford, Iroquois, and Vermillion counties |
217-333-7672 |
|
Grace Margherio, Jackie Joyner-Kersee Center, St. Clair County |
217-244-3547 |
|
Grant McCarty, Jo Daviess, Stephenson, and Winnebago counties |
815-235-4125 |
|
Katie Parker, Adams, Brown, Hancock, Pike and Schuyler counties |
217-223-8380 |
|
Kathryn Pereira, Cook County |
773-233-2900 |
|
James Theuri, Grundy, Kankakee, and Will counties |
815-933-8337 |
|
Extension Educators – Horticulture |
||
Chris Enroth, Henderson, Knox, McDonough, and Warren counties |
309-837-3939 |
|
Richard Hentschel, DuPage, Kane, and Kendall counties |
630-584-6166 |
|
Andrew Holsinger, Christian, Jersey, Macoupin, & Montgomery counties |
217-532-3941 |
|
Extension Educators - Commercial Agriculture |
||
Elizabeth Wahle, Fruit & Vegetable Production |
618-344-4230 |
|
Nathan Johanning, Madison, Monroe & St. Clair counties |
618-939-3434 |
|
Campus-based Extension Specialists |
||
Kacie Athey, Entomology |
217-244-9916 |
|
Mohammad Babadoost, Plant Pathology |
217-333-1523 |
|